Barrientos, S., et al., “Paradoxical failure of Laminaria ochroleuca (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) to consolidate a kelp forest inside a Marine National Park”, European Journal of Phycology, 2022.
Implementing an MPA does not guarantee that all components of the local community will benefit from it. Restoring MPA kelp reefs will more likely require efforts to reduce herbivore activity than to bolster kelp populations. Kelp canopies recurrently failed inside a MPA in recent years.
