Kawade et al (2025), Climate Change Impacts on Aquatic Ecosystems: Biodiversity Shifts, Ecological Risks and Mitigation Strategies International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
This review examines how climate change is reshaping aquatic ecosystems through shifts in species distribution and abundance, disruptions to growth and reproduction, and increased susceptibility to diseases and invasive species. The authors highlight that static Marine Protected Area (MPA) boundaries have clear limitations, as they do not adapt to climate-driven species redistribution, prompting calls for more climate-responsive and dynamic management tools. Consequently, the study concludes that MPAs are not always the solution and must be combined with emissions reductions, ecosystem restoration and adaptive fisheries management to effectively safeguard marine biodiversity.
